现代新儒家的集大成者牟宗三先生运用现代西方哲学视角重新审视、衡定宋明儒学及整个中国哲学。明确了宋明儒学的特质是一“道德的形上学”,认为其圆融处超过康德所建构的“道德的神学”。他一反成说 ,将传统的程朱、陆王二分法推倒 ,重新划分宋明儒学的谱系 :将伊川、朱子一系视为偏离孔孟精神的歧出的“小宗”,将上承濂溪、横渠、明道的胡五峰与刘蕺山一系和象山、阳明一系视为宋明儒学之大宗 ,从而对宋明儒学的研究提出了最富新意的挑战。本文试图对其关于宋明儒学研究的博大精深的学术体系作一线索的梳理与概貌的把握 Mr. Mou Zongsan, a master of modern Neo-Confucianism, reexamined Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties and the whole Chinese philosophy with the perspective of modern western philosophy. It is clear that the Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties is characterized by a “metaphysics of morality”, which holds that its roundedness surpasses the “moral theology” constructed by Kant. He went so far as to reverse the tradition of Cheng Zhu and Lu Wang dichotomy and redefine the pedigree of Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties as a “minor” deviating from Confucius and Mencius, Hu River, Hengqu, Ming Road, Hu Wufeng and Liu Mingshan and a series of Xiangshan, Yangming as the Song and Ming Confucianism as a bulk, thus the Song and Ming Confucianism proposed the most innovative challenge. This article attempts to make a clue to its extensive and profound academic system about the study of Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasty