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为了满足远程3D雷达要求的高教据率,推出了很多新技术。“圆堡”雷达(Martello)比较独特的地方在于精密测高需要的波束形成是在中频实现的,而不采用常用的射频技术(即堆积喇叭、Butler矩阵、频扫等)。“圆堡”雷达的优点有:1)宽带、不受限制的捷变频(ECCM),2)在整个雷达带宽范围内易于建立起精确的波束形状和低旁瓣,3)仰角波束的角度和形状易于变化,以适应特殊的工作需要(具有增长的潜力),4)不用串行处理而用并行处理,5)在动态范围内有高增益。本文将描述实现这些特点的方法,并讨论平面阵列、发射机、接收机和波束形成网络以及信号处理、点迹形成和雷达管理。文中还提到了目前正在研制中的“圆堡”雷达的变型,它采用了全固态分布式发射机组件
In order to meet the high data rates required for remote 3D radars, many new technologies have been introduced. What makes the “Martello” radar unique is that the beamforming required for precision altimetry is implemented at IF instead of the usual RF techniques (stack horn, Butler matrix, frequency sweep, etc.). The advantages of the “Castellar” radar are: 1) Broad band, unrestricted ECCM, 2) easy establishment of accurate beam shape and low sidelobes over the entire radar bandwidth, and 3) the angle of the elevation beam and Shape easy to change to suit specific work needs (with potential for growth), 4) Parallel processing without serial processing, and 5) High gain in dynamic range. This article describes ways to implement these features and discusses planar arrays, transmitters, receivers, and beamforming networks as well as signal processing, spot formation, and radar management. Also mentioned in the article is currently under development “Roundabout” radar variant, which uses a solid-state distributed transmitter components