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新语法学派的 H·保罗在《语言史原理》里提出的词义(严格地说是义位)演变的扩大、缩小、转移,从词义指称范围的改变这一角度说明义位的一种变化,比较准确、恰当、覆盖面很广,是一个长期以来受到广泛注意的论点。讲语义发展的书通常都提到这些演变。不过词义演变的情况极其复杂,结合纷繁的材料,究竟什么是扩大、缩小、转移,特别是这三种类型包含的具体情况如何,还是很需要进一步研究的。本文试对汉语义位演变中这三种模式作一些分析,谈一些不成熟的看法。
H · Paul, a new grammar school, expands, narrows and shifts the definition of meaning (strictly speaking “sememe”) proposed in Principles of Linguistic History, and illustrates a change in the sememe of righteousness from the point of view of the change of meaning of the semantic meaning. More accurate, appropriate, wide coverage, is a widely held argument. Semantic development of the book are usually referred to these evolutions. However, the evolution of lexical meaning is extremely complicated. With the combination of numerous materials, it is still very much needed to study further what is the specific situation of the expansion, reduction and transfer of these three types of information. This article tries to make some analyzes of these three patterns in the evolution of Chinese sememe and talks about some immature opinions.