论文部分内容阅读
文学是一门历史悠久的学科。在漫长的文学历史长河中存在着各式各样的文学批评理论。不同时代的不同评论家都有一套不同的“批评理论”与“批评方法”,真是智者见智,仁者_见仁。然而,文学批评又都不外乎这样两个方面的内容:即外部研究与内部研究。我们认为,就文学批评而产生的议论、分歧、争鸣等是和这两个方面有密切关系的(当然也与批评者本身——他的生活经历,他的学识,他的文化素养与审美观有关的)。 文学批评以文学作品为具体研究对象,它不仅要研究分析作品本身,对其语言、内容、表现手法、美感作用等作出评论,还要考察与作家(作者)有关的各个方方面面,以期就作品本身(内容如形式)作出一种较为公允的、客观的评价。在美国学者威莱克、华伦看来,这就是文学批评中最重要的两种方法:即外部批评方法和内部批评方法。
Literature is a long history subject. In the long history of literature there is a wide range of literary criticism theory. Different critics of different ages have a different set of “critical theories” and “methods of criticism.” However, literary criticism is nothing more than two aspects of content: external research and internal research. In our opinion, the arguments, disagreements, disputes and so on arising from literary criticism are closely related to these two aspects (of course, they are also related to the critics themselves - his life experiences, his knowledge, his cultural accomplishments and his aesthetic standards related). Literary criticism takes literary works as the specific research object. It not only studies and analyzes the work itself, but also comments on its language, content, expression technique and aesthetics. It also examines various aspects related to writers (writers) (Content as the form) to make a more fair and objective evaluation. In the view of American scholar Willlec and Warren, this is the two most important methods in literary criticism: external criticism and internal criticism.