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既有的对鸦片战争前美国商人对华鸦片走私数量的研究主要有两方面的缺陷:一是将美国商人土耳其鸦片走私量等同于美国商人全部鸦片走私量,忽略美国商人的印度鸦片走私量;二是在土耳其鸦片走私数量统计中,忽略英国商人的土耳其鸦片走私量。本文对同时期商业指南及海关的数据统计进行梳理,并与既有研究所用资料进行对比,试图对既有的数量研究进行修订。厘清1840年前美国对华鸦片走私数量,有助于更好地分析和评判美国对华鸦片贸易的形式、过程及其历史影响,从而为重新审示美国对华政策的起源提供丰富的养料和有益的启示。
The existing research on the quantity of opium smuggled by American businessmen in China prior to the Opium War has two major defects. One is that it equates the smuggling amount of opium smuggled by the United States businessman to that of all the opium smugglers in the United States and ignores the smuggling of opium by the American businessmen in the United States. The second is to ignore the amount of Turkish opium smuggled by British businessmen in the statistics on opium smuggling in Turkey. This article sorts out the data of commercial guides and customs in the same period and compares them with the data from the existing research to try to revise the existing quantitative research. To clarify the amount of opium smuggling to China by 1840 helps to better analyze and judge the form and process of the U.S. opium trade with China and its historical impact so as to provide abundant nourishment for reconsideration of the origin of the U.S. policy on China. Helpful Inspiration