清末民初是一个新旧交替的时代,大凡社会转型,思想也会改弦更张。横向来看,这一时期的学者们的文学观念或主动、或被动地受到东、西方双重洗礼;纵向来看,他们难脱前人窠臼,与时人论争,并影响后人。此时学者思想庞杂,而刘师培尤难把握。不过若尝试把他放到一个个关系的比较中,也许能够看清脉络。因此本文试图从刘师培和阮元、章太炎、鲁迅之间的关系,去了解一个更接近真实的刘师培。 At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China was an era in which both the old and the new were alternately replaced. All social transformations would change their thinking. From a horizontal perspective, the literary ideas of scholars in this period were either, initiatively or passively, double-washed by the East and the West. Longitudinally, they were unable to justify their predecessors’s disagreements with the people of the time and influence their descendants. At this time, scholars are complicated in thought, and Liu Shipei is especially hard to grasp. But if you try to put him in a comparison of relationships, you may be able to see the context. Therefore, this article tries to get a closer to real Liu Shipei from the relations between Liu Shipei and Ruan Yuan, Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun.