一、社会主义商品的概念前六章的论述,都是以商品经济的普遍存在作为前提的。没有这个前提,一切问题将无从谈起。那末,这个前提是不是主观臆测或者说是虚假的呢?下面各章,我们就来分别论证这一点。首先是关于社会主义商品的概念。大家知道,在马克思和恩格斯那里,社会主义和商品经济是不相容的,因而当杜林先生提出经济公社之间仍然保留金属货币交换的时候,恩格斯立即给予严厉的驳斥:“金钱没有臭味”。只要经济公社之间继续保持商品货币流通,资本主义的一切丑事和坏事将照样进行。所以,马克思和恩格斯一贯认为,社会主义是建立在“直接社会化”的基础上的,即社会直接占有一切生产资料,劳动力与生产资料直接结合,社会生产将按照直接社会化的计划进行,社会生产目的是直接满足社会全体成员 First, the concept of socialist merchandise The first six chapters of the discussion are based on the precondition of the prevalence of commodity economy. Without this premise, all problems will be impossible to talk about. Is this premise subjective or false? In the following chapters, we will demonstrate this separately. The first is about the concept of socialist goods. As we all know, there is an incompatibility between socialism and commodity economy in Marx and Engels. Therefore, when Mr. Herr Duhring proposed that the exchange of metal money should still be retained between economic communes, Engels immediately gave a severe refutation: “There is no smell of money ”. As long as economic communes continue to maintain the circulation of commodity currencies, all the scandals and bad things in capitalism will continue. Therefore, Marx and Engels have always held that socialism is based on “direct socialization,” in which society directly possesses all the means of production, the labor force is directly linked with the means of production, the social production will be conducted in accordance with the plan of direct socialization, the social The purpose of production is to directly satisfy all members of society