中国虽然自秦以降都在名义上采用中央集权制,在制度实践上还是相当变通的。不夸张地说,中国历史对“民族区域自治”并不陌生,边远地区的少数民族部落拥有相当大的自治权。早在秦汉时期,全国大多数地方实行郡县制,由太守、县令以及亭、乡、里逐级统治,按回扣征集赋税。但在南方和西南新开辟的地区,则实行初郡制,全部或部分免除当地百姓的赋税并保持当地原来的传统统治和风俗习惯,属于一种由部族制向郡县制的过渡状态。在西南地区,实行 Although China adopted a centralized system of power in its name from the Qin dynasty, China is quite flexible in its system practice. It is no exaggeration to say that Chinese history is no stranger to “ethnic regional autonomy” and the tribal peoples in remote areas have considerable autonomy. As early as the Qin and Han dynasties, the county system was practiced in most parts of the country and ruled hierarchically by chieftains, county magistrates, pavilions, towns and villages, and taxes were collected by rebate. However, in the newly opened areas in the south and southwest, the initial county system was implemented and the taxation of local people was totally or partially exempt from taxation and the original traditional local customs and customs were maintained. This was a transition from a tribal system to a county-based system. In the southwest region, practiced