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量子点(quantum dots,QDs)是一种新型的纳米荧光材料,具有优良的光电性质,已广泛应用于荧光传感及可视化检测,可实现对靶标分子高灵敏、高特异性分析。本文主要论述了量子点的表面化学修饰,以及量子点传感的作用原理,如荧光共振能量转移、电荷转移、直接荧光传感、生物发光共振能量转移、化学发光共振能量转移以及电化学发光,利用这些原理设计出不同的荧光传感器,并应用于不同分子或离子的可视化检测。同时对量子点的荧光传感存在的问题及挑战进行了总结,并提出量子点荧光传感将向生物相容性好、细胞或生物体内实时可视化检测、复杂体系中进行多靶标同时检测以及量子点的逻辑运算等方向发展。
Quantum dots (quantum dots, QDs) is a new type of nano-fluorescent materials, with excellent optoelectronic properties, has been widely used in fluorescence sensing and visual detection, enabling high sensitivity and high specificity analysis of target molecules. In this paper, the surface chemical modification of quantum dots and the principle of quantum dot sensing are discussed, such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, charge transfer, direct fluorescence sensing, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer and electrochemiluminescence, Use these principles to design a different fluorescence sensor, and applied to the visual detection of different molecules or ions. At the same time, the problems and challenges of fluorescence sensing of quantum dots are summarized. It is suggested that quantum dot fluorescence sensing should be applied to biocompatibility, real-time visualization detection in cells or organisms, simultaneous detection of multiple targets in complex systems, Point logic operation direction.