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自从 190 1年Ishiwata首次报导猝倒菌以来 ,已有数千篇有关苏云金芽孢杆菌的论文相继发表。在苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Bt)的害虫生物防治领域中首次发现对鳞翅目昆虫有杀虫专一性的Bt菌株以后 ,又有了划时代的进展。Goldberg和Margalit发现了杀双翅目幼虫的以色列亚种 (subsp .isrealensis) ,以及Kreig等人发现了对某些鞘翅目幼虫有毒的拟步行甲亚种 (sbusp .tenebrionis)。 1992年 ,Ohba等分离到了日本亚种(subsp .japonensis)对金龟子有专一性杀虫作用的菌株Buibui。该菌株及与之有关的研究进展即是本文讨论的重点。这些发现不仅丰富了苏云金芽孢杆菌科学 ,也丰富了生物防治的应用策略。另一方面 ,在毒素蛋白结构及其杀虫机制的分子生物学和生物化学领域也已获巨大进展。但对杀虫机制尚未完全明了。例如 ,对杀虫蛋白与中肠上皮细胞原生质膜上的受体蛋白的相互作用就知之甚少。这一领域在某种程度上还是众说纷纭。展论这些令人兴奋而又难解的课题将最终促成二十一世纪可持续农业的建立。
Thousands of papers on Bacillus thuringiensis have been published since Ishiwata reported the first cataplexy in 1901. After the first discovery of Bt strains insecticidal to lepidopteran insects in the field of pest biological control of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), epoch-making progress has been made. Goldberg and Margalit discovered the subsp. Isrealensis that killed dipteran larvae and Kreig et al. Found sbusp. Tenebrionis toxic to certain coleopteran larvae. In 1992, Ohba et al. Isolated Buibui, a strain of Japanese subspecies (subsp. Japonensis) that had a specific insecticidal effect on beetles. The strain and its related research progress is the focus of this article. These findings not only enrich Bacillus thuringiensis science, but also enrich the application strategy of biological control. On the other hand, great progress has also been made in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry of the toxin protein structure and its insecticidal mechanism. But the insecticidal mechanism is not yet fully understood. For example, little is known about the interaction of pesticidal proteins with receptor proteins on the plasma membrane of the midgut epithelial cells. To some extent, this area is still divided. Exhibiting these exciting and intractable topics will eventually lead to the establishment of sustainable agriculture in the 21st century.