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在府河污灌区选取代表性农田,采用田间小区试验,研究了北方冬麦区适种的10个小麦品种对镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)积累与转运的差异,以期筛选出具有Cd、Pb低积累潜力且产量较高的小麦品种。结果表明,10个小麦品种的产量和籽粒中Cd、Pb含量在品种间存在不同程度的差异。石新633产量最高,为8 400kg·hm-2,较其他小麦品种高出7%~23%;石新828和济麦22次之,较其他小麦品种高出1%~15%;籽粒中Cd含量较低的是良星66和济麦22,分别比其他小麦品种低11%~48%和2%~42%。籽粒中Pb含量较低的是鲁元502和济麦22,分别比其他小麦品种低14%~49%和14%~40%。10个小麦品种籽粒中Cd、Pb含量均未超过食品安全国家标准的食品中污染物限量标准(GB 2762-2012)。对10个小麦品种籽粒和秸秆中的Cd、Pb含量进行聚类分析可知,济麦22、中麦175、良星66和鲁元502均属于籽粒、秸秆中Cd、Pb低积累类群。综合评价小麦产量、小麦地上部Cd、Pb含量、富集系数、转运系数等指标发现,济麦22为既高产且籽粒具有低积累Cd、Pb潜力的小麦品种,适宜在黄淮冬麦区北部Cd、Pb轻度污染区推广种植。
The representative farmland was selected in Fuhe Irrigation District. The field plot experiment was used to study the differences of accumulation and transport of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in 10 wheat cultivars suitable for the winter wheat field in northern China. Pb low accumulation potential and yield higher wheat varieties. The results showed that the yield of 10 wheat cultivars and the content of Cd and Pb in grains differed to some extent among cultivars. Shi Xin 633 had the highest yield of 8 400 kg · hm-2, which was 7% ~ 23% higher than other wheat varieties; Shi Xin 828 and Jimai 22 times, which was 1% ~ 15% higher than other wheat cultivars; The lower Cd content was the low-star 66 and the low-yield Jimai 22, which were 11% -48% and 2% -42% lower than other wheat varieties. The lower Pb content in grains was Luyuan 502 and Jimai 22, which were 14% -49% and 14% -40% lower than other wheat varieties respectively. The contents of Cd and Pb in the grains of 10 wheat varieties did not exceed the limit of pollutants in foodstuffs (GB 2762-2012). Cluster analysis of the contents of Cd and Pb in the grain and straw of 10 wheat cultivars showed that Jimai 22, Zhongmai 175, Liangxing 66 and Luyuan 502 belonged to the low accumulation of Cd and Pb in grain and straw. Comprehensive evaluation of wheat yield, wheat Cd, Pb content, enrichment coefficient, translocation coefficient and other indicators found that Jimai 22 is both high yield and grain have low potential accumulation of Cd, Pb wheat varieties suitable for Huanghuai winter wheat north of Cd, Pb light pollution area to promote planting.