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提高充填体接顶率和减小充填体压缩量是控制地表沉陷的关键因素。针对此因素,通过数值模拟详细比较了垮落开采和具有膨胀特性的膏体材料充填开采下地表及顶板的移动变形,并分析了不同方案下围岩的稳定性。结果表明,采空区未充填时,表征地表移动变形的各指标均超过建筑物I级破坏允许值,并且顶、底板出现严重的拉伸、剪切破坏。各充填方案中,随着膏体材料中膨润土含量的增加,充填对地表沉陷及顶、底板变形的控制效果呈现先增强后减弱的趋势。当膨润土与水泥质量之比为40%时,地表最大下沉值、倾斜值和水平变形值均最小,岩层移动和地表沉陷控制效果良好。
It is the key factor to control the surface subsidence that increasing the rate of backfill and reducing the amount of backfill. According to the above factors, the displacement of ground surface and roof under the mining of caving mining and expanded material is compared by numerical simulation in detail, and the stability of surrounding rock under different schemes is analyzed. The results show that when the goaf is not filled, all the indexes that characterize the surface deformation of the ground exceed the allowable values of Class I damage to the building, and the top and bottom plates have severe tensile and shear failure. In each filling scheme, as the content of bentonite in the paste material increases, the control effect of filling on the surface subsidence and deformation of the top and bottom plates first increases and then decreases. When the mass ratio of bentonite to cement is 40%, the maximum surface subsidence, slope and horizontal deformation are the minimum, and the movement of the strata and the control of surface subsidence are good.