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目的 对南京市人群感染隐孢子虫状况进行抽样调查,为隐孢子虫病防治提供科学依据.方法 选择南京市六合、栖霞、高淳等3个区的3个村,以及南京市中大医院门诊部为抽样调查点,于2015年和2016年每年每点各收集100份左右人群粪便样品,采用金胺酚—改良抗酸染色法对粪便样本进行检测,并采用荧光定量PCR法对阳性样本再进行分子生物学检测确认.结果 2015年和2016年在3个村抽样点共调查健康人群581人,未发现隐孢子虫感染者.在中大医院门诊部的慢性腹泻患者中采集202份粪样,检测出隐孢子虫阳性者9例,隐孢子虫感染率为4.46％;阳性者经采用荧光定量PCR法对隐孢子虫进行确认,结果有7例显示了明显的对数扩增曲线、为隐孢子虫核酸阳性,2例无明显的对数扩增曲线,隐孢子虫核酸阳性率为3.47％.结论 在南京地区抽查的健康人群中未发现隐孢子虫感染者,而在医院门诊的慢性腹泻患者中发现了隐孢子虫感染者.提示应加强对门诊慢性腹泻患者隐孢子虫的检测,为该病的诊断、治疗提供依据.“,”Objective To investigate the status of Cryptosporidium infection in the population in Nanjing City so as to pro-vide the evidence for the prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis. Methods A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from each of three districts(Liuhe,Qixia and Gaochun)and one hospital(Nanjing Zhongda Hospital)in 2015 and 2016 respective-ly. The fecal samples were detected for Cryptosporidium with microscopy(by using the gold amine phenol-modified acid-fast staining)and the positive samples were detected again for the molecular biology confirming by using the fluorescence quantita-tive PCR. Results During the two years,581 cases of normal population who lived in the city were surveyed and no Cryptospo-ridium infection was found. Among 202 cases of outpatients with chronic diarrhea,there were 9 Cryptosporidium positive cases with the microscope scanning method (4.46％),and among the 9 cases,7 cases showed obvious logarithmic amplification curves showing positive Cryptosporidium nucleic acid,but 2 cases without the obvious logarithmic amplification curves,and the Cryptosporidium nucleic acid positive rate was 3.47％. Conclusions Cryptosporidium infection is not found in the normal popu-lation of Nanjing City,but the Cryptosporidium infection is found in the chronic diarrhea patients. The results imply that we should strengthen the detection of Cryptosporidium in the chronic diarrhea patients,so as to provide the evidence for improving the diagnosis and treatment of cryptosporidiosis.