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在非物质文化遗产保护运动兴起之前,尚未被视作“非物质文化遗产”的“非物质文化遗产”究竟是如何传承的?而获得“文化遗产代表作”身份之后,它们又将会如何传承下去?这是非常值得人们关注和感兴趣的两个话题。对于这两个问题而言,作为第二批申报通过的国家级非物质文化遗产代表作之一的湖北利川“肉连响”舞蹈是一个非常具有代表性的案例。笔者通过田野调查了解到,目前已知的三代传承人对自己所从事的这门技艺的理解其实是不一样的。从口述史材料中,我们可以洞悉“非正式传承”方式在民间文化传承系统中所发挥出来的不可忽视的力量。这也使我们理应认真反思以往我们对文化遗产传承方式的片面认识,从而真正理解文化遗产的“活态性”和“流变性”[1]不仅仅局限于文化遗产本身的形态,也显现于其传承方式之中,是会随着时代环境的改变而改观的。
Before the rise of the non-material cultural heritage protection movement, the “intangible cultural heritage” that has not been regarded as “intangible cultural heritage ” is inherited, and after they have acquired the status of “representative of cultural heritage ”, And how will it continue? This is a very worthy of attention and two topics of interest. For both of these issues, Hubei Lichuan “meat chain dance” as one of the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage representatives passed the declaration is a very representative case. The author learned through field investigations that the present three generations of heirs are actually different in their understanding of this skill. From the oral history materials, we can understand that the “informal inheritance” can not be neglected in the folk cultural heritage system. This also makes it necessary for us to seriously reflect on one-sided understanding of the inheritance of cultural heritage in the past so as to truly understand that cultural heritage’s “livingness” and “rheology” [1] are not limited to the form of cultural heritage itself , But also manifested in the way of inheritance, it will change with the changing times environment.