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达尔文进化论深刻影响了海明威的自然观,当时达尔文主义由于挑战了基督教信条而触怒了很多美国人。像当时许多的达尔文主义者一样,海明威强调了促使性选择和自然选择规律运转的两大生物本能,即弗洛伊德所说的爱和饥饿。本文旨在分析海明威如何在其主要作品如《老人与海》中对性选择及进食和杀戮本能中的固有暴力性的探索,揭示这些生物本能如何挑战了理想化的“爱”及对基督上帝的信仰。海明威的探索体现在他塑造的极具吸引力的人物形象上,他们都能接受生命的真实本相,并学会活出风度和尊严。
Darwin’s theory of evolution profoundly influenced Hemingway’s view of nature, when Darwinism angered many Americans by challenging the Christian creed. Like many Darwinists at the time, Hemingway emphasized the two biological instincts that led to the law of sexual choice and natural selection, namely, love and hunger, which Freud called. This article aims to analyze how Hemingway explored the inherent violence in sexual selection and the instinct of eating and killing in his masterpieces such as The Old Man and the Sea and reveals how these biological instincts challenge the idealized “love” and the Christ’s faith in God. Hemingway’s exploration is reflected in the extremely attractive characters he shapes. All of them can accept the true nature of life and learn to live with grace and dignity.