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在社会主义市场经济条件下,重建公平是一项复杂而繁重的任务。要重建公平,意味着必须正确认识和处理公平与效率的统一、公平与发展的统一、公平与稳定的统一等历史性的课题。 公平与效率的统一 有人把公平与效率比喻成鱼与熊掌,认为不能兼而得之。可不是吗?计划经济要求公平舍弃效率,而资本主义市场经济却追求效率而抛弃公平。此二者给人们以深刻的印象,觉得公平与效率犹如天上参商二星,是不可能结合在一起的。究竟公平与效率的关系是否如此呢? 在深入探讨效率与公平的关系时,有必要进行一下基本概念的诠释。所谓效率,指的是在日常工作中所消耗的劳动量与所获得的劳动效果的比率。即如一般所说,效率是投入(资源耗费)与产出(财富创造)的比率。作为经济运作的效率,其实质是指社会资源的合理配置和有效利用,也可称为人尽其才,地尽其力,物尽其用,货畅其流,提高劳动生产率,取得最大的经济效益。效率属于生产力的范畴。社会主义的生产就是要提高效率。
Under the conditions of a socialist market economy, rebuilding fairness is a complicated and burdensome task. To rebuild fairness means that historic issues such as the unification of fairness and efficiency, the unification of fairness and development, and the unification of fairness and stability must all be correctly understood and handled. The Unity of Fairness and Efficiency Some people compare fairness and efficiency to fish and bear’s paw that can not be obtained in the same way. Is not it? The planned economy demands a fair abandonment of efficiency, while the capitalist market economy pursues efficiency and abandons fairness. Both of them give people a deep impression that it is impossible to combine fairness and efficiency as the two stars in the world. Is it true that the relationship between fairness and efficiency is the case? It is necessary to carry out the interpretation of the basic concepts in depth when discussing the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The so-called efficiency, refers to the amount of labor consumed in daily work and the ratio of labor effects obtained. As generally described, efficiency is the ratio of input (resource consumption) to output (wealth creation). As the efficiency of economic operation, its essence refers to the rational allocation and effective utilization of social resources. It can also be said to make the best use of its resources, make the best use of its resources, smooth flow of goods, increase labor productivity and achieve maximum economic benefits. Efficiency belongs to the category of productivity. Socialist production is to improve efficiency.