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20世纪50年代初,共产党政权在全国范围内开展了以土地集体化、农业合作化为核心的农业合作化运动。在本文中,笔者将这场运动看做继土改之后的又一次大规模改变乡村社会秩序的权力实践过程。笔者通过对西村农业合作化运动的社会史考察,将其定义为“继续革命”的历史进程。在运作策略上,合作化运动是土改运动的延续,国家政权采取的依然是土改中所使用的种种宣传动员方式;在实践机制上,相比于侧重社会政治层面的土改,合作化运动完成了焦点上的转向,国家政权通过权力实践完成了对乡村社会中基本农业生产制度与社会组织方式的重新安排;在历史效果上,合作化运动的一系列制度重置通过身体痛苦的不断积累形成了新时期的“苦感”的同时,也通过集体生产方式和新时期的公共生活给普通农民带来了精神上的愉悦,从而编织出了“社会主义高潮”时期复杂的历史面貌。
In the early 1950s, the Communist regime carried out a nationwide agricultural cooperation campaign centered on collectivization of land and agricultural cooperation. In this article, I consider this movement as another power practice after another large-scale change in rural social order. Through the social history of the Nansimura agricultural cooperative movement, the author defines it as the historical process of “continuing revolution”. In terms of operational strategies, the cooperative movement is a continuation of the land reform movement, and the state power still adopts all kinds of propaganda and mobilization methods used in land reform. On the practical mechanism, compared with the land reform that focuses on the social and political aspects, the cooperative movement has been completed Focus on the turning point, the state power through the practice of power completed in the rural society in the basic agricultural production system and social organization of the rearrangement; in the historical effect, a series of cooperative movement system reset through the accumulation of physical pain formed At the same time, it also brought spiritual pleasure to ordinary peasants through the mode of collective production and the public life in the new period, thus weaving out the complex historical features of the “socialist climax” period .