16世纪文艺复兴的兴起,对当时正统学派发起了挑战,为17世纪人们逐渐转变自然观念奠定了基础。亚里士多德所建立起来的对自然世界的解释受到了质疑,并且被认为不再恰当,一场猛烈的思想风暴在科学界掀起,新的思想、理念、设计、记录和观察不断涌现,以至于那个时代被戏称为“造反世纪(The Insurgent Century)”。在这样的大背景下,生命医学也在不断进步,并涌现出了一批杰出的科学家,被称为“代谢平衡研究 The rise of the Renaissance in the 16th century challenged the orthodoxy of the time and laid the foundation for the gradual transformation of nature in the 17th century. Aristotle’s interpretation of the natural world has been questioned and is no longer considered appropriate. A violent ideological storm was set off in the scientific community and new ideas, ideas, designs, records and observations emerged. That era was dubbed ”The Insurgent Century.“ In this context, life medicine is also progressing, and emerged a group of outstanding scientists, known as the ”metabolic balance study