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目的了解绵阳地区“5·12”地震后新生儿先天性心脏病(CHD)发病情况,探索可能的危险因素。方法采用心脏听诊、呼吸评定、血氧饱和度测定和心脏彩色多普勒超声对绵阳地区2011年12月-2012年12月出生的5 536例新生儿行CHD筛查,对确诊病例采用病例对照研究方法进行分析。结果共筛查出CHD患儿65例,其发病率为11.74‰。发病前3位依次是室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损和动脉导管未闭。CHD发生的可能危险因素依次为:CHD家族史、母孕早期感染史、母孕期用药及饮酒史、高龄产妇和父母吸烟史,而父母地震经历史未显示与CHD相关。结论父母地震经历与CHD的发生无关。孕前加强相关健康知识宣教、避免或减少相关危险因素暴露可降低CHD发病风险。新生儿时期CHD筛查可早期发现CHD,并为后续的随访干预提供宝贵时机,降低病死率,提高患儿生命质量。
Objective To understand the incidence of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) after the May 12 earthquake in Mianyang, and explore the possible risk factors. Methods A total of 5 536 newborns born in Mianyang from December 2011 to December 2012 were enrolled in this study. Cardiac auscultation, respiratory assessment, oxygen saturation measurement and color Doppler echocardiography were used to screen for CHD. The case-control cases Research methods for analysis. Results A total of 65 children with CHD were screened, the incidence was 11.74 ‰. The top three were ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. The possible risk factors for CHD were CHD family history, early motherhood infection, motherhood medication and drinking history, older mothers and parents smoking history, while parents’ history did not show history of CHD. Conclusion Parents earthquake experience has nothing to do with the occurrence of CHD. Prenatal care to enhance health education, avoid or reduce exposure to relevant risk factors can reduce the risk of CHD. CHD screening during early neonatal CHD can be found early, and follow-up interventions to provide a valuable opportunity to reduce mortality and improve children’s quality of life.