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对问题进行表征是问题解决的一个首要环节,提高学生的问题表征能力是提高学生解题能力的有效途径之一。问题表征从水平上可分为初始表征和深层表征。从形式上可分为内在表征和外部表征,其中外部表征又分为文字、符号、图形(表)和操作四种方式,结合实例说明了四种外在表征在教学中的应用,并建议在平常的教学中要引导学生对问题进行适当的多元表征。
Characterization of the problem is one of the most important aspects of problem solving. Improving the students ’problem characterization is one of the effective ways to improve students’ ability to solve problems. Question characterization can be divided into initial characterization and deep characterization from the level. From the formal can be divided into internal characterization and external characterization, the external characterization is divided into text, symbols, graphics (table) and the operation of four ways, combined with examples of four kinds of external characterization in the teaching of the application, and suggested in In normal teaching, students should be guided to properly represent the issue.