论文部分内容阅读
一、相关短语
1. sunny then cloudy/cloudy then rainy晴转阴/阴转雨
2. heavy showers强阵雨
3. a sunny day阳光灿烂的一天
4. weather forecast/report天气预报
5. drop/fall to five degree below zero降到零下八度
6. freezing cold/burning hot非常寒冷/炎热
7. be caught in a heavy rain遇上一场大雨
8. rains cats and dogs/pouring rain倾盆大雨
9. take an umbrella or raincoat带一把雨伞或一件雨衣
10. （buildings） fall down （房屋）倒塌
11. （water and power supplies） be cut off（水电）被切断
12. last as long as over a month延续长达一个月
13. be destroyed in the hurricane在飓风中被毁坏
14. be covered with ice and snow被冰雪覆盖
15. （people） be killed in the flood/storm在洪水/暴风雨中遇难
16. cause 13 deaths and 5 people missing造成3个死亡和2人失踪
17. with more than 200 people injured/missing有200多人受伤/失踪
18. sth. be in ruins； fall into ruins某物成为废墟
19. become homeless变得无家可归
20. cause great damage/economic losses造成巨大损失/经济损失
21. send out rescue teams派出救援队
22. donate/contribute money to sb.给某人捐款
23. rebuild one’s homeland重建家园
24. return to normal恢复正常
25. flood control and drought relief防汛抗旱
二、必备句型
1. The weather forecast said it will be sunny in most part of China for each day in the next five days. 天气预报显示在未来五天内，中国大部分地区都会是晴天。
2. It is going to be rainy all day，so be sure to go out with your umbrellas. 全天有雨，外出请带好您的雨伞。
3. Typhoon Morakot brought the worst flooding in 50 years to southern Taiwan， killing more than 460 people with scores of people injured or missing. 台湾南部该台风造成50年来最严重的水灾，导致460多人死亡，多人受伤或失踪。
4. The extreme weather has caused people much inconvenience and trouble， especially for those who work outdoors.极端天气给人们带来了诸多不便和麻烦，特别是给那些室外作业的人。
5. Proper measures should be taken to deal with the serious problem caused by the terrible hurricane. 必须采取适当的措施来应对飓风引起的严重问题。
6. It has not only done harm to people’s health， but also affected the public transportation.这种天气不仅对人体健康有害而且会影响公共交通运输。
7. Now more and more people become aware that those extreme weather disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. 现在越来越多人意识到极端天气灾难与我们的日常行为有关。
8. Water and power supplies were cut off because of the typhoon.台风导致断水断电。
三、典型例题
例题一：基础写作
“莫拉克”台风袭击台湾，灾情严重，各界人士十分关注。
[写作内容]
请写一篇关于台湾“八八”水灾的报道，内容包括：
地点：台湾南部
结果：造成50年来最严重的水灾
灾情：（1）460人死亡；35人受伤；62人失踪
（2）冲垮了堤防和桥梁 （3）电力中断
（4）10000多座房屋倒塌
损失：估计造成经济损失达97个亿
救援：台湾军方全力参与救灾工作，从灾区救出约300名当地居民
[过程指导]
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：本文是新闻报道，属________文。
2. 审时态：以_______________为主。
3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。
第二步，信息分组。
将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。
第三步，信息表达。
以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。
第四步，连句成篇。
将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。
第五步，检查核对。
第六步，规范誊写。
例题二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Since the winter last year， the hazy weather has occurred a lot of times. It has done great harm to our daily life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather， more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog. Quite a lot of flights have to be put off and a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. People all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather. The government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic， such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词谈谈你对雾霾天气的看法，要点包括：
（1）雾霾天气对你所在城市影响大吗？
（2）分析雾霾天气产生的原因；
（3）如何在雾霾天气时保护自已。
[过程指导]
写概要
1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为现象类说明文，作者首先指出雾霾天气带来的危害和造成的影响，然后说明人们已经意识到雾霾天气的危害已经采取措施应对。
2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出并标明以下关键句或关键词：
雾霾危害： （第一段第二句）
采取措施： （第二段第一句）
3. 组合关键词句：
谈看法
要点⑴：雾霾天气对你所在的城市影响大不大，一两句话带过就好。
要点⑵：分析造成雾霾的原因：空气污染，燃料排放，灰尘，汽车尾气。
要点⑶：从自身出发说明在雾霾天气中我们可以怎么做保护自己：比如外出戴口罩，外出后洗脸洗手。
根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：
四、摸拟演练
练习一：基础写作
假如你叫张楠，你的美国朋友约翰·史密斯即将来华参观你所在的城市，他来信询问相关情况。
[写作内容]
请给约翰回信，内容包括：
饮食：（1）饮食与美国很不同，应尽力适应中国饮食；
（2）要学会如何使用筷子。
气候：（1）冬天冷，常下雪；
（2）夏天几乎不下雨，但一下起来就很大；
（3）现在是春天，春天多雨湿冷。
提醒：带雨衣、棉衣。
承诺：带他去玩，去赏花，希望早日能见面。
Dear John，
I was excited to hear that you would come to China next month. Now let me tell you something different you may meet here.
…
Yours，
Zhang Nan
练习二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The Pacific-Northwest city is forecast to enjoy clear skies and temperatures up to 23 degrees Celsius over the coming days after months of bad weather. Bellingham Christian School， located in this city， which did not cancel a single day of classes due to bad weather over the winter months， has decided to close for the day because of nice weather.
“Bellingham Christian has decided to cancel school due to good weather，” said Mr. Samson in the letter to parents. Bellingham Christian School， in Washington State， sent letters to parents informing them their children’s classes were cancelled so students and staff could enjoy a “sun day”. Principal of the school， Bob Samson， said cancelling a day of school for nice weather was a good move and was an effort to “promote positive school culture”. “Typically we cancel school for bad weather， so why not have some fun and cancel school due to extremely good weather？” added the principal. “There are so many heavy things that go on in our world， it’s nice to celebrate， relax and share joy with many，” said the principal.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词谈谈你对天气原因放假的看法，内容包括：
（1）讲诉一次因极端天气而放假的经历；
（2）你是否赞同因天气原因而放假；
（3）你觉得因极端天气放假学生最好做什么。
（作者单位：陆丰林启恩纪念中学）
1. sunny then cloudy/cloudy then rainy晴转阴/阴转雨
2. heavy showers强阵雨
3. a sunny day阳光灿烂的一天
4. weather forecast/report天气预报
5. drop/fall to five degree below zero降到零下八度
6. freezing cold/burning hot非常寒冷/炎热
7. be caught in a heavy rain遇上一场大雨
8. rains cats and dogs/pouring rain倾盆大雨
9. take an umbrella or raincoat带一把雨伞或一件雨衣
10. （buildings） fall down （房屋）倒塌
11. （water and power supplies） be cut off（水电）被切断
12. last as long as over a month延续长达一个月
13. be destroyed in the hurricane在飓风中被毁坏
14. be covered with ice and snow被冰雪覆盖
15. （people） be killed in the flood/storm在洪水/暴风雨中遇难
16. cause 13 deaths and 5 people missing造成3个死亡和2人失踪
17. with more than 200 people injured/missing有200多人受伤/失踪
18. sth. be in ruins； fall into ruins某物成为废墟
19. become homeless变得无家可归
20. cause great damage/economic losses造成巨大损失/经济损失
21. send out rescue teams派出救援队
22. donate/contribute money to sb.给某人捐款
23. rebuild one’s homeland重建家园
24. return to normal恢复正常
25. flood control and drought relief防汛抗旱
二、必备句型
1. The weather forecast said it will be sunny in most part of China for each day in the next five days. 天气预报显示在未来五天内，中国大部分地区都会是晴天。
2. It is going to be rainy all day，so be sure to go out with your umbrellas. 全天有雨，外出请带好您的雨伞。
3. Typhoon Morakot brought the worst flooding in 50 years to southern Taiwan， killing more than 460 people with scores of people injured or missing. 台湾南部该台风造成50年来最严重的水灾，导致460多人死亡，多人受伤或失踪。
4. The extreme weather has caused people much inconvenience and trouble， especially for those who work outdoors.极端天气给人们带来了诸多不便和麻烦，特别是给那些室外作业的人。
5. Proper measures should be taken to deal with the serious problem caused by the terrible hurricane. 必须采取适当的措施来应对飓风引起的严重问题。
6. It has not only done harm to people’s health， but also affected the public transportation.这种天气不仅对人体健康有害而且会影响公共交通运输。
7. Now more and more people become aware that those extreme weather disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth. 现在越来越多人意识到极端天气灾难与我们的日常行为有关。
8. Water and power supplies were cut off because of the typhoon.台风导致断水断电。
三、典型例题
例题一：基础写作
“莫拉克”台风袭击台湾，灾情严重，各界人士十分关注。
[写作内容]
请写一篇关于台湾“八八”水灾的报道，内容包括：
地点：台湾南部
结果：造成50年来最严重的水灾
灾情：（1）460人死亡；35人受伤；62人失踪
（2）冲垮了堤防和桥梁 （3）电力中断
（4）10000多座房屋倒塌
损失：估计造成经济损失达97个亿
救援：台湾军方全力参与救灾工作，从灾区救出约300名当地居民
[过程指导]
第一步，认真审题。
1. 审文体：本文是新闻报道，属________文。
2. 审时态：以_______________为主。
3. 审人称：以第______人称为主。
4. 审要点：认真看看方框内外的信息，以便分组规划。
第二步，信息分组。
将信息点分为5组，以便用5个句子来表达。
第三步，信息表达。
以上每组信息点用一个英语句子来表达，必要时添加恰当的主语等成分，使句子结构完整。
第四步，连句成篇。
将以上5个句子合并成一篇连贯的短文，必要时添加适当的过渡衔接词。
第五步，检查核对。
第六步，规范誊写。
例题二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Since the winter last year， the hazy weather has occurred a lot of times. It has done great harm to our daily life. Many traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather， more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog. Quite a lot of flights have to be put off and a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. People all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog weather. The government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic， such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词谈谈你对雾霾天气的看法，要点包括：
（1）雾霾天气对你所在城市影响大吗？
（2）分析雾霾天气产生的原因；
（3）如何在雾霾天气时保护自已。
[过程指导]
写概要
1. 分析文体类别：阅读材料为现象类说明文，作者首先指出雾霾天气带来的危害和造成的影响，然后说明人们已经意识到雾霾天气的危害已经采取措施应对。
2. 找出关键词句：写概要前，应在文中找出并标明以下关键句或关键词：
雾霾危害： （第一段第二句）
采取措施： （第二段第一句）
3. 组合关键词句：
谈看法
要点⑴：雾霾天气对你所在的城市影响大不大，一两句话带过就好。
要点⑵：分析造成雾霾的原因：空气污染，燃料排放，灰尘，汽车尾气。
要点⑶：从自身出发说明在雾霾天气中我们可以怎么做保护自己：比如外出戴口罩，外出后洗脸洗手。
根据以上提示，完成自己的写作：
四、摸拟演练
练习一：基础写作
假如你叫张楠，你的美国朋友约翰·史密斯即将来华参观你所在的城市，他来信询问相关情况。
[写作内容]
请给约翰回信，内容包括：
饮食：（1）饮食与美国很不同，应尽力适应中国饮食；
（2）要学会如何使用筷子。
气候：（1）冬天冷，常下雪；
（2）夏天几乎不下雨，但一下起来就很大；
（3）现在是春天，春天多雨湿冷。
提醒：带雨衣、棉衣。
承诺：带他去玩，去赏花，希望早日能见面。
Dear John，
I was excited to hear that you would come to China next month. Now let me tell you something different you may meet here.
…
Yours，
Zhang Nan
练习二：读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The Pacific-Northwest city is forecast to enjoy clear skies and temperatures up to 23 degrees Celsius over the coming days after months of bad weather. Bellingham Christian School， located in this city， which did not cancel a single day of classes due to bad weather over the winter months， has decided to close for the day because of nice weather.
“Bellingham Christian has decided to cancel school due to good weather，” said Mr. Samson in the letter to parents. Bellingham Christian School， in Washington State， sent letters to parents informing them their children’s classes were cancelled so students and staff could enjoy a “sun day”. Principal of the school， Bob Samson， said cancelling a day of school for nice weather was a good move and was an effort to “promote positive school culture”. “Typically we cancel school for bad weather， so why not have some fun and cancel school due to extremely good weather？” added the principal. “There are so many heavy things that go on in our world， it’s nice to celebrate， relax and share joy with many，” said the principal.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容；
2. 以约120个词谈谈你对天气原因放假的看法，内容包括：
（1）讲诉一次因极端天气而放假的经历；
（2）你是否赞同因天气原因而放假；
（3）你觉得因极端天气放假学生最好做什么。
（作者单位：陆丰林启恩纪念中学）