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采用RS和GIS技术,基于USLE方程实现了热带地区海南岛松涛水库流域2003~2005年平均土壤侵蚀的定量模拟,通过情景分析研究了流域土壤侵蚀控制方案。结果表明:流域内潜在土壤侵蚀量约为4261万t/a,超过容许土壤流失量的60倍;在植被的保护下,现有年均土壤侵蚀量约为51.46万t/a,主要集中在退化的林地、浆纸林和橡胶林;流域平均土壤侵蚀模数略低于容许土壤流失量,但空间分布不均,部分区域侵蚀发育强烈;如对经济林、园地和耕地采取水土保持措施或恢复林草植被,能有效控制流域内土壤侵蚀,分别减少侵蚀量22.46万t和14.15万t,减少侵蚀面积98.48km2和65.90km2。
Based on the USLE equation and RS and GIS techniques, the quantitative simulation of average soil erosion in the Songtao Reservoir Basin of Hainan Island in the tropical region from 2003 to 2005 was carried out. The scenario of soil erosion control was studied through scenario analysis. The results show that the potential soil erosion in the basin is about 42.61 million t / a, which is more than 60 times of the allowable soil loss. Under the protection of vegetation, the existing average annual soil erosion is about 514,600 t / a, Degraded forest land, pulpwood forest and rubber plantation. The average soil erosion modulus of the basin is slightly lower than the permissible soil loss, but the spatial distribution is not uniform, and the erosion in some areas is strongly developed. For example, the soil and water conservation measures, restoration and restoration of economic forest, The forest and grass vegetation can effectively control the soil erosion in the basin, reducing the erosion amount by 224,600 tons and 141,500 tons respectively, and reducing the erosion area by 98.48km2 and 65.90km2.