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在后现代思潮中,对美国外交史学产生重要影响的主要是解构主义和后殖民主义。从解构主义层面看,学者们运用“话语分析”方法,关注“认同政治”主题,深化了对美国外交之国内文化因素的研究。在后殖民理论层面,萨义德的“东方主义”理论和印度学者提出的“庶民研究”方法的运用,刷新了关于美国帝国主义问题的研究。后现代理论在美国外交史研究中的运用有着学术上的积极意义,但少数后现代论者关于美国外交史学本体论和认识论的激进主张,也引发人们对它的质疑和批评。事实证明,这些激进论者没有领会并贯彻后现代主义平等、宽容的人文主义精神实质。
In the postmodernism, the main influence on American diplomatic history is deconstruction and post-colonialism. From the perspective of deconstruction, scholars use the “discourse analysis” approach to focus on the theme of “identity politics,” deepening the study of domestic cultural factors in U.S. diplomacy. On post-colonial theory level, Theodore’s “Orientalism” theory and the Indian scholars’ application of the “common people’s study” method have refreshed the research on the issue of U.S. imperialism. The use of postmodern theory in the study of American diplomacy has academic positive significance. However, the radical proposition of a few postmodernists on the ontology and epistemology of American diplomatic history also arouses people’s questioning and criticizing of it. Facts have proved that these radicalists did not understand and implement the essence of post-modernism’s equal and tolerant humanism.