支气管胸膜瘘为肺泡、支气管与胸膜腔之间沟通形成的瘘管,过去常与结核性脓胸合并存在,也可是外伤后或术后合并支气管胸膜瘘。由于我国全面开展结核病的预防接种,随着结核性脓胸的减少,其发病率也随之下降。而由普通细菌引起的支气管胸膜瘘则相对增多,尤其是贫困地区,肺炎、肺脓肿有时未能得到及 Bronchopleural fistula for the alveoli, bronchial and pleural cavity between the formation of fistula, the past often associated with tuberculous empyema, but also after trauma or postoperative bronchopleural fistula. Due to the full implementation of vaccination against tuberculosis in our country, the incidence of tuberculous empyema decreases with the reduction of tuberculosis. The bronchial pleural fistula caused by ordinary bacteria is relatively increased, especially in poor areas, pneumonia, lung abscess sometimes failed to get and