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甜菜育种和生产实践证明,杂交优势品种是提高产糖量有效途径之一。在杂种优势育种中评价亲本的配合力,从表现型来说,是根据F_1代在全部杂交组合中的平均表现来确定,这就是通常说的一般配合力;特殊配合力是指某一特定杂交组合性状数值,在其双亲平均表现的基础上,与予期结果性状数值的偏差。从遗传型方面说,一般配合力主要是亲本的加性基因效应,而特殊配合力则主要是双亲的非加性基因效应。一般具有较大加性方差的亲本材料是改良群体性状的基础,而具有较大非加性方差亲本,通过群体间杂交或互交,可筛选出优良的基因组合和强杂交优势组合。因此掌握亲本材料的一般配合力和特殊配合力,对杂交育种,特别是对杂种优势育种至关重要。
Beet breeding and production practices have proved that hybrid varieties are one of the effective ways to increase sugar yield. The evaluation of the combining ability of parents in heterosis breeding is phenotypically based on the average performance of F1 progeny in all cross combinations, which is commonly known as the general combining ability. The special combining ability refers to a specific cross The value of the combination trait, based on the average performance of both parents, is biased against the value of the expected trait. In terms of genetics, the general combining ability is mainly the additive gene effect of the parents, while the special combining ability is mainly the non-additive gene effect of the parents. Generally, the parental material with larger additive variance is the basis for improving population traits, while the parents with larger non-additive variance can be screened for excellent combinations of genes and strong hybrids by crosses or crosses between populations. Therefore, mastering the general combining ability and special combining ability of parental materials is crucial for crossbreeding, especially for heterosis breeding.