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水压致裂技术已经发展成一种岩体应力量测方法。与传统的方法不同,它不需要使用精致的钻孔装置去量一个点的应变。通过两种液体压力的记录,可以确定大范围的平均应力,其中的一种压力是为了钻孔围岩张裂的需要,而另一压力则用于维持裂隙的张开。为了做到这一点,可以使用简单的机械式钻孔装置。记录压力与岩体应力之间,以及张裂方向和应力方向之间,存在着简单的弹性关系。许多室内实验证实了这些关系。为了更好地理解水压致裂技术,在淮南矿业学院冻结实验室附近的垂直钻孔中进行了水压致裂试验。本文介绍了水压致裂的基本理论、现场量测的设备和实测结果。
Hydraulic fracturing has been developed as a method of stress measurement of rock mass. Unlike the traditional method, it does not require the use of sophisticated drilling device to measure a point of strain. Through the recording of two fluid pressures, a wide range of average stresses can be established, one of which is for drilling the surrounding rock and the other for maintaining the fracture opening. To do this, a simple mechanical drilling device can be used. There is a simple elastic relationship between the recorded pressure and the stress of the rock mass and between the direction of the crack and the direction of the stress. Many laboratory experiments confirm these relationships. In order to better understand the hydraulic fracturing technique, a hydraulic fracturing test was carried out in the vertical drilling near the freezing laboratory of Huainan Mining Institute. This paper introduces the basic theory of hydraulic fracturing, field measurement equipment and measured results.