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目的了解中国小学生行为问题影响因素的专家意见。方法对全国共43名专家进行问卷调查,获取专家对各因素差异的主观判断,用层次分析法计算各因素权重。结果名列前6位高危因素为:家庭氛围(10.485%)、家庭类型(7.112%)、生活周边环境社会风气(6.168%)、教师定期与学生及家长沟通情况(5.653%)、教师教育理念(5.313%)、教师对儿童身心发育知识了解(5.168%);家庭、教师各具体指标和生活周边环境对小学生行为问题影响较大,母亲各因素危险性均超过父亲相应指标。结论获得的33个指标权重值客观反映了小学生行为问题各影响因素的重要性差异,为有针对性防治小学生行为问题提供了科学依据。
Objective To understand the expert opinion on the influencing factors of Chinese primary school students’ behavior problems. Methods A total of 43 experts from all over the country were surveyed to obtain the subjective judgments of experts on the differences of various factors and to calculate the weight of each factor by AHP. Results The top 6 risk factors were family atmosphere (10.485%), family type (7.112%), social environment in living environment (6.168%), regular communication between teachers and students and parents (5.653%), teacher education concept (5.313%). The teacher’s knowledge of children’s physical and mental development was 5.168%. The specific indicators of family and teachers and the surrounding environment had a significant impact on the behavior problems of pupils. The risk of each factor of mothers exceeded the corresponding indicators of fathers. Conclusion The weighted value of the 33 indicators obtained objectively reflects the importance of the various factors affecting the behavior problems of primary school students and provides a scientific basis for the targeted prevention and control of primary school students’ behavior problems.