由于自然因素的复杂多样性,一个物理问题的结果往往受到诸多因素的影响。近似方法、或称近似处理方法的实质就是摒弃那些次要因素,从而揭示和突出物理现象的本质。虽属近似,但由于抓住了事物的本质属性,其结果仍不失真实性和科学性。近似方法,不仅仅是一种有效的计算技巧,而且是一种重要的研究物理问题的方法。它在物理模型的确定,物理实验的设计,实验器材的选用以及物理解题中有着广泛的应用。纵览近几年的物理竞赛及高考试题,愈来愈多的注重考生这方面能力的考察。现分析数例,以飨读者。一、比较测量数据,忽略次要因素 Due to the complex diversity of natural factors, the results of a physical problem are often affected by many factors. The essence of the approximate or approximate approach is to abandon those minor factors and reveal and highlight the essence of physical phenomena. Although it is an approximation, but because it captures the essential attributes of things, the result is still true and scientific. The approximate method is not only an effective computing technique, but also an important method for studying physical problems. It has a wide range of applications in the determination of physical models, the design of physical experiments, the selection of experimental equipment, and the understanding of objects. A survey of the physics competitions and high test questions in recent years has increasingly focused on examinees’ ability to investigate in this area. Several cases are analyzed to readers. First, compare measurement data and ignore secondary factors