葡萄膜炎是一组累及虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜或三者同时受累的炎症性病变。尽管目前对葡萄膜炎的诊断和治疗有了很大的进展,仍有35%～45%患者视力最终丧失。其病因和发病机制仍不太清楚,可能与环境及免疫遗传因素有关。很多研究显示人类组织相容性抗原基因多态性在葡萄膜炎的发病中起重要作用;近年来,非人类组织相容性抗原基因包括细胞因子和趋化因子基因亦被报道在葡萄膜炎的发病机制中起重要作用。本文对葡萄膜炎相关的细胞因子和趋化因子基因多态性的研究进展进行综述。 Uveitis is a group of inflammatory lesions involving the iris, ciliary body, choroid, or all three. Despite the current progress in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis, there are still 35% to 45% of patients eventually lose their vision. The etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear, and may be related to environmental and immune genetic factors. Many studies have shown that human histocompatibility antigen gene polymorphisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of uveitis; in recent years, non-human tissue-compatible antigen genes including cytokines and chemokines have also been reported in uveitis The pathogenesis plays an important role. This article reviews the progress of uveitis-related cytokine and chemokine gene polymorphisms.