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黑麦(Secale cereale L.,RR)是改良普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.,AABBDD)的重要基因资源,将黑麦优异基因转移到普通小麦中,是小麦品种改良的有效途经之一。文章将四川地方品种蓬安白麦子(T.aestivum L.,AABBDD)与秦岭黑麦(S.cereale cv.Qinling,RR)杂交,染色体自动加倍获得八倍体小黑麦CD-13(AABBDDRR);通过顺序FISH和GISH分析,发现该八倍体小黑麦1RS端部与7DS的端部发生相互易位,是一个携带1RS-7DS.7DL小麦–黑麦小片段易位染色体的八倍体小黑麦。利用八倍体小黑麦CD-13与四川推广小麦品种川麦42杂交、连续自交,获得包含60个株系的F5群体;对F5群体的58个株系进行GISH和FISH分析发现,其中13个株系含有1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位染色体。在这13个株系中,株系811染色体数目为2n=6x=42,是稳定的1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位系;并且1RS特异分子标记和醇溶蛋白分析表明,1RS-7DS.7DL易位染色体1RS小片段的断裂点位于分子标记IB267-IAG95之间,不包含编码黑麦碱蛋白的Sec-1位点;同时1RS-7DS.7DL小片段易位系的千粒重与川麦42相当,远远高于八倍体小黑麦CD-13,对千粒重无负作用。因此,1RS-7DS.7DL小麦-黑麦小片段易位系可作为进一步深入研究1RS小片段上的优异基因及其遗传效应的重要材料。
Secale cereale L. (RR) is an important gene resource for improving common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD). The transfer of elite rye genes into common wheat is one of the most effective ways to improve wheat varieties. In this paper, T.aestivum L. (AABBDD) was crossed with S.cereale cv.Qinling (RR) in Sichuan Province, and the chromosome was automatically doubled to obtain Octapeptide Triticale CD-13 (AABBDDRR) ; By sequential FISH and GISH analysis, it was found that the octagonal triticale 1RS end and 7DS end mutual translocation occurs, is a carrying chromosome 1RS-7DS.7DL wheat-rye translocation chromosome Triticale The cross of Triticum aestivum L.CD-13 and Sichuan wheat variety Chuanmai 42 were crossed for continuous selfing to obtain F5 population containing 60 lines. GISH and FISH analysis of 58 lines of F5 population showed that among them, Thirteen lines contained the 1RS-7DS.7DL fragment translocation chromosome. Among the 13 lines, the chromosome number of strain 811 was 2n = 6x = 42, which was a stable 1RS-7DS.7DL mini-fragment translocation line; and 1RS-specific molecular markers and prolamin analysis showed that 1RS-7DS. The fragment of 7RS translocation chromosome 1RS fragment was located between the molecular markers IB267-IAG95 and did not contain the Sec-1 site encoding rye base protein. Meanwhile, the 1000-grain weight of translocation line 1RS-7DS.7DL was similar to that of Chuanmai 42 Quite equivalent, much higher than octoploid triticale CD-13, no adverse effect on grain weight. Therefore, the 1RS-7DS.7DL wheat-rye mini-segment translocation line can be used as an important material for further study of the excellent genes and their genetic effects on the 1RS mini-segment.