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讨论化石菌类及其孢子的分类系统,即:自然分类及人为分类系统。自然分类系统在孢粉学发展初期曾被广泛采用。随着孢粉学的发展,一些化石菌类缺乏明显的自然属性,其分类采用人为分类系统。Elsik依据细胞数目及萌发器特征首次建立了化石菌类的人为分类系统,但该分类系统未被广泛接受。Norris研究了加拿大第三纪菌类化石,但他未将菌类孢子的形态属归入相应的科、目和纲。宋之琛主要根据菌类孢子的萌发器特征,建立了菌类孢子分类系统,并将菌类孢子及其遗留体分为以下类型:无萌发器类型、单孔类型、双孔类型、三孔类型或三岐菌丝类型、子囊果状或多细胞类型及其他。依据来之琛及Elsik分类系统及隔壁孔的特征,系统整理了已发现的中国第三纪化石菌类孢子,并将其归入相应的分类位置。
Discusses the classification system of fusiform fungi and their spores, namely: natural classification and artificial classification system. Natural taxonomy has been widely adopted in the early stages of palynology. With the development of palynology, some fossil fungi lack obvious natural attributes and their classification is based on artificial classification system. For the first time, Elsik established an artificial taxonomic system for fossil bacteria based on cell number and germination characteristics, but the taxonomic system was not widely accepted. Norris studied the Tertiary fossil in Canada, but he does not classify the fungal spores into the corresponding families, orders and programs. Song Zhichen mainly established the spore classification system of fungi according to the spore germination characteristics of fungi, and divided the fungal spores and their remnants into the following types: non-germination type, single-hole type, double-hole type, three-hole type or Mycelia, Ascotic or multicellular types and others. According to the characteristics of Lai-Chen and Elsik classification system and the characteristics of the next hole, we have systematically sorted out the found fossil spores of Tertiary Fossils in China and classified them into corresponding classification positions.