一、聚焦农民素质提升,跟进农业现代化发展在中国加快实现传统农业向现代农业转型发展的关键阶段,2014年中央1号文件《中共中央国务院关于全面深化改革加快推进农业现代化的若干意见》提出,要推进城乡要素平等交换和公共资源均衡配置,让农民平等参与现代化进程,共同分享现代化成果。这既是推动中国经济持续快速发展,保持农村发展活力的有效措施,也是中国全面深化改革,加快城乡融合,促进社会和谐 I. Focusing on Quality Improvement of Farmers and Follow-up to the Development of Agricultural Modernization In the key phase of accelerating the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture in China, the No.1 document of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Several Opinions on Deepening Reform and Accelerating Agricultural Modernization put forward in 2014 We must promote equal exchange of urban and rural elements and a balanced allocation of public resources so that peasants can participate in the process of modernization on an equal footing and share the fruits of modernization. This is both an effective measure to promote China’s sustained and rapid economic development and maintain the vitality of rural development. It is also an effective measure for China to deepen its reform in all aspects, speed up urban-rural integration and promote social harmony