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心肌病分为肥厚型心肌病,扩张型心肌病,限制型心肌病,闭塞型心肌病,特异性心肌病,原因不明性心肌病和缺血性心肌病。临床病理表现及心力衰竭实验模型研究提示心肌病是多病因的疾病。其主要发病机理与遗传、代谢障碍、内分泌失调、毒素、钙离子超负荷、血管异常反应性、缺氧、自由基、感染和免疫等有关。其发病率在发达国家为0.7～7.5/10万人/年。扩张型心肌病占全部心肌病的90％以上。在不发达国家中,特别在热带,以扩张型心肌病发病率最高,其次为限制型心肌病,多由遗传、营养不良、感染(包括锥虫病)、重体力劳动、未治的高血压、心内膜纤维化和酒精中毒所致。
Cardiomyopathy is divided into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, occlusive cardiomyopathy, idiopathic cardiomyopathy, unexplained cardiomyopathy and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Clinical and pathological manifestations and experimental models of heart failure suggest that cardiomyopathy is a multi-etiological disease. Its main pathogenesis and genetic, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, toxins, calcium overload, abnormal vascular reactivity, hypoxia, free radicals, infections and immune related. Its incidence in developed countries is 0.7 ~ 7.5 / 10 million people / year. Dilated cardiomyopathy accounts for more than 90% of all cardiomyopathy. In underdeveloped countries, especially in the tropics, dilated cardiomyopathy has the highest prevalence, followed by restricted cardiomyopathy, mostly from heredity, malnutrition, infections (including trypanosomiasis), heavy manual labor, untreated hypertension , Endocardial fibrosis and alcoholism.