随着人口结构的快速转变和老年人口比例的增加，我国失能老年人的数量不断增多，照料这些失能的老年人将给社会带来沉重的医疗和经济负担。衰弱与认知损害是导致老年人失能最常见的原因。目前研究已经证实，衰弱与认知损害存在相互作用，衰弱的老年人更易发生认知损害，认知损害反过来加速衰弱的进展。因此，本文通过复习国内外新的相关文献，对衰弱、认知损害及其相互联系的潜在机制做一综述。 With the rapid demographic transition and the increase in the proportion of the elderly population, the number of disabled seniors in our country is on the rise. Taking care of these disabled seniors will bring heavy medical and financial burden to the community. Weakened and cognitive impairment is the most common cause of disability in the elderly. Current research has demonstrated that there is interaction between debilitating and cognitive impairment, and that debilitating seniors are more prone to cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment in turn accelerates debilitating progression. Therefore, by reviewing the relevant literature at home and abroad, this article reviews the underlying mechanisms of weakness, cognitive impairment and their interconnections.