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苹果树矮化密植,由于树冠矮小,适宜密植,具有结果早、早丰产、品质好,便于修剪、喷药等机械操作和使果园能较快得到更新等优点,近年来国内外都较重视,认为是苹果树栽培当前发展的方向。苹果树矮化密植的途径主要有:利用矮化砧木;利用短枝型芽变品种;利用化学药剂;利用以整形修剪为主减少氮素肥料等栽培措施及中间砧等。在这些途径中,由于矮化砧木比较少,繁殖比较慢;芽变选择在我区刚刚开始;整形修剪试验需要比较长的时间;中间砧需要研究组合,需时较长,所以,采用这些方法进行矮化密植,短期难以得到预期效果。为了赶上国内外苹果栽培的新水平,解决我区种植苹果行距较大,不利于密植的一系列栽培技术和适龄苹果幼树不结果及低产等问题,我们于1971年开始,在三年生或四年生金冠、红星品种上进行了矮壮素、B-9等植物生长激素的应用试验。现将结果简报于后:
Apple trees dwarf close planting, due to the short crown, suitable for close planting, with the results of early, early bumper crop, good quality, easy pruning, spraying and other mechanical operations and the orchard can be updated quickly and so on. In recent years, Considered to be the current direction of apple tree cultivation. The dwarfing and planting of apple trees mainly include: using dwarfing rootstocks; using spur type varieties; utilizing chemical agents; using cultivation pruning to reduce nitrogen fertilizer and other cultivation measures and intermediate anvils. In these ways, the breeding is slow due to the relatively few dwarfing rootstocks; the budding selection has just started in our district; the plastic trimming test takes a long time; the intermediate anvil needs to be studied and takes longer; therefore, these methods Dwarf and close planting, short-term difficult to get the desired effect. In order to catch up with the new level of apple cultivation both at home and abroad, and to solve the problems of a series of cultivation techniques such as apple row spacing and unfavorable planting in our region, as well as fruitless and low yield of young apple trees, we started in 1971, Four-year Golden Delicious, Red Star varieties were conducted CCC, B-9 and other plant growth hormone application test. Now the results briefed later: