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糖尿病是以出现慢性高血糖为特征的。遗传因素在出现这种紊乱中可能占有重要角色。有研究表明核基因突变对胰岛素的分泌有影响,此外,在有些家庭中,糖尿病出现母系遗传,很可能是因为线粒体基因突变导致母系遗传。事实上,线粒体基因可能可以导致糖尿病,因为线粒体的氧化磷酸化在β细胞中血糖刺激胰岛素的分泌占有重要作用。已有大量研究表明线粒体基因突变与糖尿病的发病有关,在糖尿病患者的线粒体基因中发现大量的新发突变体,并且证实这些新发突变与糖尿病以及糖尿病并发症的发病有相关性。本文主要综述国内外近五年有关线粒体基因突变与糖尿病相关性的研究论文,从而探索线粒体基因突变与糖尿病的相关性,为糖尿病的发病机制提供新的见解。
Diabetes is characterized by the appearance of chronic hyperglycemia. Genetic factors may play an important role in this disorder. Studies have shown that mutations in the nuclear gene affect the secretion of insulin, in addition, in some families, diabetes maternally inherited, it is likely because of mitochondrial gene mutations lead to maternal inheritance. In fact, mitochondrial genes may cause diabetes, as oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria plays an important role in stimulating the secretion of insulin in beta cells. A large number of studies have shown that the mitochondrial gene mutation associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, diabetes mitochondrial gene found in a large number of new mutations, and confirmed that these new mutations and diabetes and diabetes complications have a correlation. This review summarizes the research papers about the relationship between mitochondrial DNA mutations and diabetes mellitus in recent 5 years at home and abroad to explore the relationship between mitochondrial DNA mutations and diabetes mellitus and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.