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目的评价和分析酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)在脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)病毒型内鉴别(Intratypic differentiation,ITD)中的应用,及其在疫苗衍生脊灰病毒(Vaccine-derived polioviruses,VDPVs)筛查中的敏感性和重要性。方法使用ELISA型内鉴定方法对2004年所有省级疾病预防控制中心脊灰实验室送检的单型脊灰病毒进行型内鉴定,然后对结果为非疫苗类似株(Non Sabin-like,NSL)或者双反应毒株(Double reactive virus,DRV)进行VP1区基因序列测定和分析。结果2004年606株单型脊灰病毒中,有576株被鉴定为疫苗类似株(Sabin-like,SL),11株为NSL,全部是Ⅰ型;17株为DRV,2株为无反应株(Non-reactive virus,NRV)。通过对ELISA结果为NSL、DRV或NRV的毒株进行全VP1区核苷酸序列测定和分析,检测出9株Ⅰ型VDPVs和1株Ⅱ型VDPV。结论ELISA进行型内鉴定的优势在于它最敏感的筛选指标是VP1区核苷酸变异率为1%,即它可以有效地区分脊灰疫苗病毒相关株和其它毒株,包括VDPV(核苷酸变异率≥1%,但<15%)和脊灰野病毒(核苷酸变异率≥15%),因此对VDPV的筛查具有较强的优势。
Objective To evaluate and analyze the application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the diagnosis of polioviruses (Vaccine-derived polioviruses, VDPVs) Sensitivity and importance in screening. Methods The type of poliovirus was detected in the polio laboratories of all the provincial centers for disease control and prevention in 2004 by ELISA. The results were non-Sabin-like (NSL) Or double reactive virus (DRV) for VP1 gene sequence analysis and analysis. Results Among the 606 single-type poliovirus strains in 2004, 576 were identified as Sabin-like (SL), 11 as NSL, all as type I, 17 as DRV and 2 as non-responsive strains (Non-reactive virus, NRV). Nine strains of VDPVs and one type of VDPV were detected by sequencing the entire VP1 region of NSL, DRV or NRV strains. Conclusion The advantage of ELISA in in-cell identification is that the most sensitive screening index is that the mutation rate of the nucleotide in the VP1 region is 1%, that is, it can effectively distinguish the poliovirus-related strains and other strains, including the VDPV Mutation rate≥1%, but <15%) and poliovirus (nucleotide mutation rate≥15%), so screening VDPV has a strong advantage.