视网膜S抗原是存在于多种动物和人视网膜感光细胞内的一种可溶性抗原,自Wacker等首次将其提纯以来,许多学者对其进行了广泛的研究。随着单克隆抗体、免疫电镜等技术的应用,有关S抗原的发育、分布、理化特性、免疫学特性、生理功能及其所致的实验性自身免疫性葡萄膜炎等诸方面已日趋清楚。本文就上述诸方面综述了对S抗原的研究资料。一、历史回顾本世纪初,人们注意到某些疾病与自身抗原有关,提出了自身免疫的概念。Hess和Romer(1906)首次指出,视网膜中有器官特异性抗原 Retinal S antigen is a soluble antigen present in a variety of animal and human retinal photoreceptors. Since its first purification by Wacker et al., Many scholars have studied it extensively. With the application of monoclonal antibodies and immunoelectron microscopy, the development, distribution, physicochemical properties, immunological characteristics, physiological functions and the experimental autoimmune uveitis caused by S antigen have become increasingly clear. This article summarizes the above aspects of S antigen research data. First, the historical review The beginning of this century, people have noticed that certain diseases associated with their own antigens, put forward the concept of autoimmunity. Hess and Romer (1906) first pointed out that there are organ-specific antigens in the retina