目的　为探讨新生儿下呼吸道超广谱β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL s)细菌感染的危险因素、病原菌、耐药情况及相应防治措施。　方法　 1998年 1月～ 1999年 12月对本院 NICU中 42例分别采集气道冲洗、机械通气治疗时的下呼吸道分泌物进行细菌学培养及药敏试验 ,分析了 ESBL s细菌感染情况 ,总结出防治经验。　结果　在下呼吸道分泌物培养 42例中细菌培养阳性者 2 3例 ,其中 ESBL s阳性 12例 ,占阳性结果的 5 2 % (12 / 2 3)。 12例中曾应用第三代头孢菌素者 9例 (75 % ) ,机械通气 10例 (83% )。早产低体重儿 8例 (6 7% )。该 12例中共检出 2 1株细菌 ,其中肺炎克雷伯杆菌 8株 (38% ) ,阴沟肠杆菌 5株 (2 4% ) ,铜绿假单胞菌 3株 (14% ) ,大肠埃希杆菌 3株 (14% ) ,短黄杆菌 1株 (5 % ) ,嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌 1株 (5 % )。药敏试验显示 ,除部分对亚胺培南、环丙沙星、丁胺卡那、左旋氧氟沙星、替卡西林 /棒酸、洛美沙星、哌拉西林敏感外 ,对其余抗生素均耐药。12例患儿中治愈 10例 ,死亡 1例 ,自动出院 1例。　结论　发生于新生儿下呼吸道的 ESBL s细菌感染由多种因素引起。加强消毒隔离措施、严格遵守无菌操作规程和屏障护理 ,合理使用抗生素 ,提早免疫预防是控制产生 ESBL s细菌流行的重要措施 Objective To investigate the risk factors, pathogens and drug resistance of ESBLs in neonatal lower respiratory tract and the corresponding control measures. Methods From January 1998 to December 1999, 42 cases of lower respiratory tract secretions collected from the NICU during airway flushing and mechanical ventilation were enrolled in this study. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests were performed on the bacterial infections of ESBLs. Out of control experience. Results Twenty - three cases were positive for bacterial culture in 42 cases of lower respiratory secretions, of which ESBLs were positive in 12 cases, accounting for 52% (12/2) of the positive results. Of the 12 cases, 9 (75%) had third-generation cephalosporins and 10 had mechanical ventilation (83%). Preterm low birth weight children in 8 cases (67%). Among the 12 cases, 21 strains were detected, of which 8 (38%) were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 (24%) were Enterobacter cloacae, 3 (14%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Three strains of bacilli (14%), one strain of Shortbacterium flavum (5%) and one strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5%). Susceptibility tests showed that, except for some sensitive to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, levofloxacin, ticarcillin / clavulanic acid, lomefloxacin and piperacillin, the remaining antibiotics Resistance. Among the 12 children, 10 were cured, 1 died and 1 was discharged automatically. Conclusions ESBLs bacterial infections that occur in the lower respiratory tract of the newborn are caused by a variety of factors. Strengthen disinfection and isolation measures, strict adherence to aseptic procedures and barrier care, rational use of antibiotics, early immunization is an important measure to control the prevalence of ESBL s bacteria