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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism by which Yangfei Huoxue decoction (YHD) alleviates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats.METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into two time-point groups (day 14 and 28),and each time-point group comprised the following six subgroups:control,BLM,dexamethasone (DXM),YHD high dose (YHD-H),YHD middle dose (YHD-M),and YHD low dose (YHD-L).Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining,flow cytometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,West blotting and UPLC-QT of analyses were examined.RESULTS:The results showed that YHD reduced the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis;downregulated the expression of CD28,CD80,CD86,Delta-like 1,Notch2,and Notch3;and upregulated the proportions of Th 1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2.The seven components of YHD were detected.CONCLUSION:The current study indicates that YHD mainly functions by regulating the immune system and that the molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.