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【目的】探讨早产低出生体重对6～24月龄儿童智力和运动发育的影响及随年龄而变化的趋势。【方法】观察组:早产低出生体重儿86例;正常对照组115例,采用纵向随访方法,在儿童6月、12月、18月和24月龄时,应用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表进行评估,结果用智力发育指数(mental development index,MDI)和运动发育指数(psychomotordevelopment index,PDI)、以及校正年龄后的智力和运动发育指数(MDIJ和PDIJ)表示。【结果】早产组在6月、12月、18月及24月龄时MDI及PDI均低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经校正年龄后,与对照组相比,早产组6月龄MDIJ略高(P=0.017),差异有统计学意义,其余年龄段差异无统计学意义;校正后的PDIJ在多数年龄段仍然落后于对照组,差异有统计学意义。24月龄时早产组MDI、PDI仍<85者各有9例(10.5%)、10例(11.6%)。早产组24月龄MDI与父母亲文化水平、MDIJ6、PDIJ6和PDIJ12呈显著相关(r=0.387～0.664,P<0.05),运动发育与母亲年龄、父亲文化、MDIJ6、PDIJ6、MDIJ12和PDIJ12呈显著相关(r=0.473～0.672,P<0.05)。【结论】早产低出生体重对婴幼儿的智力和运动发育有明显的不利影响,但随年龄的增长智力发育指数与正常儿童的差距缩小。
【Objective】 To investigate the effect of preterm low birth weight on intelligence and exercise development in children aged 6-24 months and their changes with age. [Methods] The observation group: 86 cases of preterm low birth weight children; 115 cases of normal control group, using longitudinal follow-up method in children at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months of age, the Bayley infant development scale assessment The results were expressed as a mental development index (MDI) and a psychomotor development index (PDI), as well as after age-adjusted intelligence and motor development indices (MDIJ and PDIJ). 【Results】 The MDI and PDI of premature labor group were lower than those of normal control group at June, December, 18 and 24 months (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the MDIJ of 6-month-old preterm group was slightly higher (P = 0.017) after adjustment for age, the difference was statistically significant, while there was no significant difference in other age groups; the corrected PDIJ lagged behind most of the age groups In the control group, the difference was statistically significant. At 24 months of age, there were 9 (10.5%) and 10 (11.6%) patients with MDI and PDI <85 in the preterm birth group. There was a significant correlation between 24-month MDI and parents ’cultural level, MDIJ6, PDIJ6 and PDIJ12 (r = 0.387-0.664, P <0.05), and motor and mothers’ age, father’s culture, MDIJ6, PDIJ6, MDIJ12 and PDIJ12 (R = 0.473 ~ 0.672, P <0.05). 【Conclusion】 Premature birth and low birth weight have obvious adverse effects on the intelligence and motor development of infants and young children. However, the gap between intellectual development index and normal children decreases with age.