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对1195份60岁以上病人的病历作了回顾性调查与分析。结果发现发生医院感染者共99例(8.3%),致死亡者7例(7%)。感染部位以下呼吸道占首位(54.4%),其次为尿路(17.4%)和消化道(16.5%)。共分离病原菌235株,以 G(一)杆菌为主,克雷白菌属、绿脓杆菌和肠杆菌属共占培养菌株的73.5%,G(+)球菌占7.7%。这些病原菌对常用的抗生素耐药情况严重。老年病人发生医院感染与增龄导致免疫功能减退,病人同时存在多种慢性疾病,经常困各种感染而应用抗生素和住院时间较长等因素有关。提出控制老年病人医院感染的对策为改善住院环境,严格消毒隔离制度,积极治疗基础疾病,改善病人自身免疫功能及合理应用抗生素。
The medical records of 1195 patients over the age of 60 were retrospectively investigated and analyzed. A total of 99 hospital-acquired infections (8.3%) and 7 deaths (7%) were found. Respiratory tract infection following the top (54.4%), followed by the urinary tract (17.4%) and the digestive tract (16.5%). A total of 235 pathogenic bacteria were isolated, mainly G (a) bacilli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter together accounted for 73.5% of the strains cultured, G (+) cocci accounted for 7.7%. These pathogens are commonly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Hospitalized elderly patients with nosocomial infections and aging lead to decreased immune function, the patient also has a variety of chronic diseases, often sleepy infections and the use of antibiotics and longer hospital stays and other factors. Proposed to control elderly patients with nosocomial infections in order to improve the hospital environment, strict disinfection and isolation system, active treatment of underlying diseases, improve patient’s autoimmune function and rational use of antibiotics.