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海洋溢油污染是当前世界各国普遍关注的环境问题之一,本实验以牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼为受试生物,研究了低剂量燃料油水溶液暴露对牙鲆幼鱼肝脏和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、谷胱甘肽转硫酶(Glutathione S-transferase,GST)活性和脂质过氧化(Lipid peroxidation,LPO)水平、血细胞溶酶体膜稳定性的影响以及产生的DNA损伤。结果表明:(1)抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化水平对燃料油胁迫的响应存在明显的组织差异,且同一种酶活性在不同的时间对燃料油污染的响应也不同;(2)溶酶体膜稳定性随着燃料油浓度增大与实验时间的延长而降低(P<0.05),解除污染后低浓度组(0.001 mg/L)恢复至对照组水平(P>0.05),中(0.010 mg/L)、高(0.100 mg/L)浓度组则不能恢复至对照组水平(P<0.05);(3)燃料油暴露可使牙鲆血细胞DNA受到明显损伤,染毒第15 d,低浓度组组与中浓度组血细胞DNA损伤为中度损伤,高浓度组为重度损伤,解除污染6 d后,低浓度组与中浓度组组恢复至轻度损伤,高浓度组恢复至中度损伤。因此,燃料油污染会对牙鲆造成脂质过氧化损伤,影响血细胞溶酶体膜的稳定性,最终对生物产生遗传损伤。
Marine oil spill pollution is one of the most common environmental problems in the world. Paralichthys olivaceus juveniles were used as experimental organisms to study the effects of low-dose fuel oil aqueous solution exposure on the liver and gill tissues of juvenile Japanese flounder Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, the stability of haemolysosomal membranes, and the resulting DNA damage. The results showed that: (1) The antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels had significant differences in the response to fuel oil stress, and the same enzyme activity had different responses to fuel oil contamination at different times. (2) Enzyme membrane stability decreased with the increase of fuel oil concentration and prolongation of experiment time (P <0.05). After decontamination, low concentration group (0.001 mg / L) returned to the control group (P> 0.05) 0.010 mg / L), and high (0.100 mg / L) could not recover to the control level (P <0.05). (3) The exposure of fuel oil could significantly damage the blood DNA of the flounder, DNA damage was moderately severe in the low-concentration and middle-concentration groups and severe in the high-concentration group. After 6 days of decontamination, the low-concentration group and the moderate-concentration group returned to mild damage and the high-concentration group returned to moderate degree damage. Therefore, the contamination of fuel oil will cause lipid peroxidation damage to flounder, affect the stability of blood cell lysosomal membrane, and ultimately produce genetic damage to the organism.