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(一)引言几何学知識在工程技术上有广泛的用途,从工业生产和工程建設中使用的“图样”里看得很明显。图样的主要組成部分是各式各样的图形,而这些图形都是經过人們一点一线地按几何原理和法則繪制出来的,所以几何学的功用,在工程制图里表現得最为具体。图样虽說是几何学的应用,但图样要求容易看得懂(直观而便于計量),容易画得出,因此图样并不完全按照几何理論作图,而大量采用了劳动人民創造的习慣画法、規定代号等等。另外,图样作为整个社会生产过程中各个环节之間技术联系和各个单位之間协作配合的共同语言,需要有一定的标准。 1959年,我国科学技术委員会在原先試行的机械制图“部标准”基础上,經过修訂,批准并頒布了我国全国通用的机械制图“国家标准”,本文就个人学习的体
(I) Introduction The knowledge of geometry has a wide range of uses in engineering technology. It is obvious from the “patterns” used in industrial production and engineering construction. The main components of the pattern are all kinds of graphics, and these graphics are drawn by people’s point by point according to the geometric principles and laws, so the function of geometry, in the engineering drawing in the most concrete. Although the pattern is a geometric application, the pattern requirement is easy to read (intuitive and easy to measure), and it is easy to draw. Therefore, the pattern does not completely follow the geometric theory, but a large number of custom paintings created by the working people are adopted. Laws, codes, etc. In addition, the pattern as a common language for the technical linkage between various links in the entire social production process and the coordination and cooperation among all units requires a certain standard. In 1959, China’s Science and Technology Commission revised and approved the “national standards” for mechanical drawings in China.