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青霉素是一种杀菌力强、毒性小、应用广的抗生素。一般剂量使用一年以上或一天静脉滴注超过1亿单位时皆无明显毒性反应;肾功能不全者按常用剂量使用也不致引起蓄积中毒。可是青霉素过敏名列各种药物反应的首位,而且过敏性休克发生率也最高。Welch调查了美国八百家医院1953—1957年发生的药物反应,在2,995例反应中青霉素引起的占84％,其中809例即刻反应中青霉素占 98％,死亡率 9％。WHO 1968年统计,青霉素反应率为0.7～10.0％,休克发生率为4～15/10万,致死率为15～20/100万。美国每年死于青霉素严重反应的约100～300人。国内报导青霉素过敏发生率约5～6％。李氏统计1952～1976年国内报导青霉素过敏性休克约565例,死亡97例(17.2％)。可见青霉素过敏严重地危及病员的生命与健康,也阻碍它的广泛使用。 青霉素过敏如何预测,过敏者在什么条件下可重新使用,如何脱敏,人们开展了大量的研究工作。 随着免疫学的进展,目前对青霉素过敏
Penicillin is a bactericidal, toxic, widely used antibiotics. The general dose of more than one year or a day intravenous infusion of more than 100 million units were no significant toxicity; renal dysfunction by the usual dose will not cause accumulation of poisoning. However, penicillin allergy ranked first in all kinds of drug reactions, but also the highest incidence of anaphylactic shock. Welch investigated the drug response from 1953 to 1957 in eight hundred U.S. hospitals, 84% of whom were penicillin-induced in 2,995 reactions, of which 809 received penicillin in 98% of the immediate reactions and a 9% mortality rate. WHO 1968 statistics, penicillin response rate of 0.7 to 10.0%, the incidence of shock was 4 to 15 / 100,000, the mortality rate of 15 to 20/1 million. The United States dies from severe reactions to penicillin about 100 to 300 people each year. Domestic reports of penicillin allergy rate of about 5 ~ 6%. Statistics from 1952 to 1976, Lee’s domestic reported penicillin anaphylactic shock of about 565 cases, 97 patients died (17.2%). Shows that penicillin allergy seriously endanger the lives of patients and health, but also hinder its widespread use. How to predict the sensitivity of penicillin, allergy in what conditions can be re-used, how to desensitization, people carried out a lot of research work. With the progress of immunology, the current allergy to penicillin