17世纪的法国 ,是欧洲最强大的王权专制国家。国王与中小贵族和新起的中产阶级结成暂时的联盟 ,摆脱了罗马教廷的控制 ,遏制了国内大贵族的势力 ,成为独揽一切权力的专制君主。1 661年亲政的路易十四即宣称 :“朕即国家”。专制国王不仅手操政治、经济、军事、宗教的大权 ,而且 17th century France, Europe’s most powerful monarchy. The king formed a temporary alliance with the small and medium-sized nobles and the newly-started middle class, got rid of the control of the Holy See, contained the power of the domestic aristocracy and became the authoritarian monarch who monopolized all the power. In l661, Louis XIV, a pro-government proclamation: “I am the nation.” The authoritarian kings not only manipulate the political, economic, military and religious powers, but also