目的探讨放射性脑损伤的诊断、治疗及其与肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断。方法总结分析6例经临床手术病理证实的放射性脑损伤的临床表现及影像学特点。结果全组患者均经手术治疗,切除坏死灶,术后临床症状改善,无手术并发症及死亡。结论随着直线加速器、X刀、γ刀、光子刀、组织间近距离放疗等放射技术在临床工作中的广泛应用,放射性脑损伤的发病率也逐渐增高。其与肿瘤复发的鉴别诊断存在一定难度,早期诊断和有效治疗具有十分重要的意义。 Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of radiation brain injury and its differential diagnosis with tumor recurrence. Methods The clinical manifestations and imaging features of 6 cases of radiation-induced brain injury confirmed by clinical surgeries were analyzed. Results All the patients were surgically treated, the necrotic lesions were removed, the clinical symptoms improved, no complications and death. Conclusion With the extensive application of radiotherapy such as linear accelerator, X-knife, γ knife, photon knife and brachytherapy, the incidence of radiation brain injury is also gradually increased. The differential diagnosis of tumor recurrence there is a certain degree of difficulty, early diagnosis and effective treatment is of great significance.