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目的:了解贵州省兴仁市雨樟镇燃煤污染型砷中毒（简称燃煤型砷中毒）病区综合防控措施全面实施后居民的总体健康状况，为制定新时期地方性砷中毒防制策略提供参考。方法:选择贵州省黔西南州兴仁市雨樟镇为调查点，根据《地方性砷中毒病区划分标准》（WS 277-2007）将雨樟镇的11个行政村分为砷中毒病区村（5个行政村）和非砷暴露村（6个行政村）。收集各行政村基础人口资料，计算并分析2006 - 2018年雨樟镇的居民死亡率、标化死亡率、平均死亡年龄、期望寿命的变化情况。结果:2006 - 2018年，病区村的平均年死亡率为597.28/10万（其中男性为756.62/10万，女性为432.91/10万），高于非砷暴露村的503.79/10万（其中男性为600.82/10万，女性为405.02/10万）；以雨樟镇的总体人口构成作为标准，病区村和非砷暴露村的标化死亡率分别为598.79/10万和503.04/10万。2006 - 2018年雨樟镇居民的死亡率总体呈下降趋势，病区村居民的死亡率总体高于非砷暴露村，各年的男性死亡率均高于女性；死亡年龄从53.93岁上升到67.11岁，其中病区村从55.22岁上升到65.17岁，非砷暴露村从52.64岁上升到68.93岁。2006和2018年病区村男性、女性及总体的期望寿命（2006年为66.29、75.65、70.33岁；2018年为79.38、86.39、83.01岁）均低于非砷暴露村（2006年为69.86、80.77、74.50岁；2018年为83.25、91.85、87.25岁）。结论:燃煤型砷中毒病区综合防控措施全覆盖后，贵州省兴仁市雨樟镇居民的健康水平明显提高，但砷中毒病区村居民的远期健康效应、疾病分布、疾病负担等问题仍需重视。“,”Objective:To understand the overall health status of residents in coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning areas in Yuzhang Town, Xingren City, Guizhou Province after the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures, and to provide references for formulating endemic arsenic poisoning prevention strategies in the new era.Methods:Yuzhang Town, Xingren City of Qianxinan Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province was selected as the survey site. According to the “Standards for Determination and Classification of Endemic Arsenic Poisoning Areas”(WS 277-2007), eleven administrative villages in Yuzhang Town were divided into 5 arsenic-exposed villages and 6 non-arsenic-exposed villages. The basic population data of each administrative village were collected, and the changes of mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, average age of death and life expectancy of residents in the whole town, arsenic-exposed villages and non-arsenic-exposed villages from 2006 to 2018 were calculated and analyzed.Results:From 2006 to 2018, the average annual mortality in arsenic-exposed villages was 597.28/100 000 (756.62/100 000 for males and 432.91/100 000 for females), which was higher than that in non-arsenic-exposed villages (503.79/100 000, 600.82/100 000 for males and 405.02/100 000 for females). Using the overall gender composition of the town as criterion, the standardized mortality rate for arsenic-exposed villages and non-arsenic-exposed villages were 598.79/100 000 and 503.04/100 000, respectively. The population mortality rate in the town showed a downward trend from 2006 to 2018, and the mortality rate of residents in arsenic-exposed villages was higher than that of non-arsenic-exposed villages. The annual mortality rate of males was higher than that of females. From 2006 to 2018, the average age of death in the town increased year by year, from 53.93 years old in 2006 to 67.11 years old in 2018. Among them, the age of death of arsenic-exposed villages was increased from 55.22 years old to 65.17 years old, and non-arsenic-exposed villages increased from 52.64 years old to 68.93 years old. The life expectancy of males, females and total in arsenic-exposed villages (66.29, 75.65, 70.33 years in 2006 and 79.38, 86.39, 83.01 years in 2018) were lower than those in non-arsenic-exposed villages (69.86, 80.77, 74.50 years in 2006 and 83.25, 91.85, 87.25 years in 2018).Conclusion:After the comprehensive prevention and control measures are fully covered in the coal-burning-borne arsenic poisoning area, the health level of the residents in the town is significantly improved, but the long-term health effect, disease distribution, disease burden and other issues of the residents in the arsenic poisoning area are still need to be paid attention to.