糯稻与粘稻的根本区别,在于胚乳中直链淀粉含量的多少,糯性胚乳淀粉几乎或全部是支链淀粉。育种上可以利用这个遗传性状,有别于籼、粳稻。我们农科所于1979年承担省、市糯稻育种课题研究工作以来,在糯稻常规育种上应用这一遗传规律,取得了较好的成效。现将我们在杂交选育和筛选过程中所用的3种方法归纳、探讨如下。一、脱壳选糯法在粘稻和糯稻配制的杂交组合中,F2按粘3:糯1的比例分离,应用脱壳选糯法处理,就是收取“粘×糯”(或糯×粘)F1植株的穗上所结的谷粒(即F2的种子),干燥后用小型电动出糙机脱壳 Glutinous rice sticky rice and the fundamental difference is that the endosperm amylose content of waxy endosperm starch is almost or entirely amylopectin. Breeding can take advantage of this genetic traits, different from indica, japonica. Since our institute of agricultural science undertook research work on glutinous rice breeding in provinces and cities in 1979, we have applied this genetic law to conventional breeding of glutinous rice and achieved good results. Now we in hybrid breeding and screening process used in the three methods summarized, discussed below. First, shelling waxy method sticky rice and glutinous rice in the hybrid combinations prepared, F2 sticky sticky 3: waxy 1 ratio, the application of shelling waxy treatment, is to receive “sticky × waxy” (or waxy × Sticky) Fl plant on the ears of grain (ie, F2 seed), dried with a small motor out of the shell