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引言公元前9世纪,欧亚大陆的气候巨变导致了欧亚草原地区古民族所操生计向游牧经济的迅速转化〔1〕。大批优质天然牧场的产生使得大规模的放牧成为可能,广袤的欧亚草原上兴起多支游牧部落。加之骑马术的普及,这些游牧部落在频繁的文化交流过程中形成了独特的游牧文化。先进的马具、优良的武器和神秘的“动物纹”装饰风格,成为他们最典型的标志〔2〕。通过两个多世纪历史学家和考古学家的努力,目前已知欧亚草原早期铁器时代存在多支游牧文化,自西徂东主要有:南俄罗斯草原、克里米亚半岛以及北高加索地区的斯基泰文化(Scythian culture),伏尔加和乌拉尔山之间的萨夫罗马泰人文化(Sauromatian culture)及
Introduction The 9th century BC, the dramatic climate change in Eurasia led to the ancient peoples of the Eurasian steppe economy to the nomadic economy rapid transformation 〔1〕. The emergence of a large number of high-quality natural pastures made it possible for large-scale grazing, with the emergence of many nomadic tribes on the vast grasslands of Europe and Asia. Coupled with the popularity of riding, these nomadic tribes in the process of frequent cultural exchanges formed a unique nomadic culture. Advanced harness, excellent weapons and mysterious “animal pattern ” decorative style, become their most typical symbol [2]. Through the efforts of more than two centuries of historians and archaeologists, it is now known that there are multiple nomadic cultures in the early iron age of the Eurasian steppe. From the west of Xijin, there are mainly southern Russia grasslands, the Crimean Peninsula and the North Caucasus Scythian culture, the Sauromatian culture between the Volga and the Urals, and